Discussion of 地 [de] used to create adverbs or adverbial phrases (placed before the predicate) - Trainchinese

1 - There are three important structural particles, and 地 is one of them. The other two are 的 and 得. These structural particles indicate grammatical relations. Their pronunciation is exactly the same -- “de“ with the neutral tone (you may search for 的 and 得 in trainchinese dictionary), however, they are written differently and they are not interchangeable. 地 only occurs after an adverbial adjunct, so it is the signal of adverbials. For example: - 安静地走了 left quietly - 高兴地笑了 laugh/smile happily - 紧紧地握住我的手 hold my hand(s) tightly - 冷冷地看着我 look at me coldly 2 - the simplest way to explain it is 地is Usually stand aftar an adjective to change it into an adverb 他高兴地笑了he smiled happily 3 - Must all adverbial adjuncts be followed by 地？ The answer is NO. Some adverbial adjuncts must be followed by 地. 地 is a must after an adverbial adjunct which is a (an): 1. verb: E.g.违心她违心地结了婚。 [phr] She was married against her will. 2. disyllabic adjective/verb: E.g. 听到这个消息他[高兴地]笑了。 [phr] When he heard this piece of news he laughed happily. 3. disyllabic word indicating modality: E.g.他[无助地]站在路上，不知道该怎么办。 [phr] He stood on the road helplessly and didn't know what to do. 4. coordinative phrase: E.g.他[拼死拼活地]工作。 [phr] He works like crazy. 5. verb-object phrase: E.g. 这个请求被[有礼貌地]回绝了。 [phr] The request was gracefully refused. 6. endocentric phrase: E.g. 你[十分冷静地]面对这个问题。 [phr] You face this problem with a very calm attitude. 7. subject-predicate phrase: E.g. 她[神情恍惚地]望着窗外。 [phr] She looked outside the window in a trance. 8. Idioms or fixed expressions: E.g. 工作人员正在加班加点，各项工作在[有条不紊地]进行着。 [phr] The staff are working overtime, and all the work is proceeding in a methodical way. 9. reduplicated form of a disyllabic word: E.g. 麻雀在外边[叽叽喳喳地]叫。 [phr] Sparrows are twittering outside. 10. reduplicated form of a numeral-measure word phrase: E.g. 一个一个地 [phr] one by one, one after another 4 - Many thanks this really helps! Cheers! 5 - In some other cases, 地 must not be used after the adverbial adjuncts (in the brackets “[…]” in the examples below): 1. adverb: E.g. 他每周[都]洗车。 [phr] he washes his car every week. 2. prepositional phrase: E.g. 他[在书上]写下了自己的名字。 [phr] He wrote down his name on the book. 3. noun: E.g. 你[下午]来，好吗？ [phr] Come in the afternoon, will you? 4. monosyllabic adjective: E.g. [多]吃一点儿！[phr] Eat a little more! 5. pronoun: E.g. 这个字[怎么]写？[phr] How to write this character? 6. numeral-measure word phrase: E.g. [两次]参加比赛都没有成功，….[phr] I have failed twice in the competition. … 7. phrase of locality: E.g. 我[五点以前]肯定会回来。[phr]I will definitely be back before five o'clock. 6 - How is 地 used in common Chinese sentence structures? (de5) 7 - Are there any homophones or near-homophones of 地? (de5)

数据集描述翻译：
1 - 存在三种重要的结构成分，其中‘地’为其中之一。另外两种分别为‘的’与‘得’。此类结构成分用以指示语法关系。其发音均为‘de’，发音调值为中音（可在trainchinese字典中搜索‘的’与‘得’），然而书写上存在差异，且不可互换。‘地’仅位于状语之后，故其为状语的标志。例如：安静地走了（left quietly）、高兴地笑了（laugh/smile happily）、紧紧地握住我的手（hold my hand(s) tightly）、冷冷地看着我（look at me coldly）。
2 - 对此最简单的解释是‘地’通常位于形容词之后，以将其转化为副词。例如：他高兴地笑了（he smiled happily）。
3 - 所有状语是否都必须后接‘地’？答案是否定的。某些状语必须后接‘地’。‘地’在以下情况后必用：（1）动词：例如，违心她违心地结了婚（She was married against her will）。[短语]；（2）双音节形容词/动词：例如，听到这个消息他[高兴地]笑了（When he heard this piece of news he laughed happily）。[短语]；（3）表示情态的双音节词：例如，他[无助地]站在路上，不知道该怎么办（He stood on the road helplessly and didn't know what to do）。[短语]；（4）并列短语：例如，他[拼死拼活地]工作（He works like crazy）。[短语]；（5）动词-宾语短语：例如，这个请求被[有礼貌地]回绝了（The request was gracefully refused）。[短语]；（6）中心语短语：例如，你[十分冷静地]面对这个问题（You face this problem with a very calm attitude）。[短语]；（7）主谓短语：例如，她[神情恍惚地]望着窗外（She looked outside the window in a trance）。[短语]；（8）成语或固定表达：例如，工作人员正在加班加点，各项工作在[有条不紊地]进行着（The staff are working overtime, and all the work is proceeding in a methodical way）。[短语]；（9）双音节词的重复形式：例如，麻雀在外边[叽叽喳喳地]叫（Sparrows are twittering outside）。[短语]；（10）双音节数词-量词短语的重复形式：例如，一个一个地[短语]one by one, one after another。
4 - 非常感谢，这真是有益的帮助！干杯！
5 - 在某些其他情况下，状语后不可使用‘地’（以下示例中的方括号[...]内）：（1）副词：例如，他每周[都]洗车（he washes his car every week）。[短语]；（2）介词短语：例如，他[在书上]写下了自己的名字（He wrote down his name on the book）。[短语]；（3）名词：例如，你[下午]来，好吗？（Come in the afternoon, will you？）；（4）单音节形容词：例如，[多]吃一点儿！[短语]；（5）代词：例如，这个字[怎么]写？（How to write this character？）；（6）数词-量词短语：例如，[两次]参加比赛都没有成功，…。[短语]；（7）处所短语：例如，我[五点以前]肯定会回来（I will definitely be back before five o'clock）。[短语]。
6 - ‘地’在常见的中文句式中如何使用？（de5）
7 - ‘地’是否有同音或近音字？（de5）