Footprints of human migration in the population structure of wild baker’s yeast

Humans have a long history of fermenting food and beverages that led to domestication of the wine or baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite their tight companionship with humans, yeast species that are domesticated or pathogenic can also live on trees. Here we used over 300 genomes of S. cerevisiae from oaks and other trees to determine whether tree-associated populations are genetically distinct from domesticated lineages and estimate the timing of forest lineage divergence. We found populations on trees are highly structured within Europe, Japan, and North America. Approximate estimates of when forest lineages diverged out of Asia and into North America and Europe coincide with the end of the last ice age, the spread of agriculture, and the onset of fermentation by humans. It appears that migration from human-associated environments to trees is ongoing. Indeed, patterns of ancestry in the genomes of three recent migrants from the trees of North America to Europe could be exp..., Data were collected as described in the Methods section of Peña et al on \"Footprints of human migration in the population structure of wild baker’s yeast\"
More specifically, whole-genome sequences for strains sampled from trees were compiled from publicly available data (N = 295; Table S1) (Almeida et al. 2015; Barbosa et al. 2016; Bergström et al. 2014; Duan et al. 2018; Fay et al. 2019; Gayevskiy et al. 2016; Han et al. 2021; Pontes et al. 2020; Skelly et al. 2013; Song et al. 2015; Strope et al. 2015; Yue et al. 2017). We defined S. cerevisiae tree-sampled strains as those isolated from tree bark, exudate and leaves from trees or litter, and we also included strains from any soil. New whole-genome sequence data was generated for strains from trees in Indiana and Kentucky (N = 7; Osburn et al. 2018), North Carolina (N = 9; Diezmann & Dietrich 2009), Europe (N = 3; Robinson et al. 2016) and for new S. cerevisiae strains from the bark of white oak (Quercus alba) and live oak (Q. vir..., , # Footprints of human migration in the population structure of wild baker’s yeast

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6zq](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6zq)

## Description of the data and file structure

Data were collected as described in the Methods section of Peña et al on \"Footprints of human migration in the population structure of wild baker’s yeast\"

More specifically, whole-genome sequences for strains sampled from trees were compiled from publicly available data (N = 295; Table S1) (Almeida et al. 2015; Barbosa et al. 2016; Bergström et al. 2014; Duan et al. 2018; Fay et al. 2019; Gayevskiy et al. 2016; Han et al. 2021; Pontes et al. 2020; Skelly et al. 2013; Song et al. 2015; Strope et al. 2015; Yue et al. 2017). We defined S. cerevisiae tree-sampled strains as those isolated from tree bark, exudate and leaves from trees or litter, and we also included strains from any soil. New whole-genome sequence data was generated for strains from trees in Indiana and Kentucky (...