T cell-derived exosomes: a bridge between the immune system and disease progression

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by various types of cells that contain a variety of biomolecular payloads and play an integral role in cell communication. T cells are the core of the human adaptive immune system, and their secreted exosomes can act on important cell signaling pathways in the disease process, thereby affecting the occurrence, development and outcome of diseases, providing new research ideas for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the positive or negative roles played by different subtypes of T cell-derived exosomes in the progression of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.