Comparison of calculation efficiency.

This study proposes a Driving style-Tri Channel Trajectory Model (DS-TCTM) to enhance vehicle trajectory prediction accuracy and driving safety. The framework operates through three rigorously designed stages: (1)Data preprocessing involving kinematics feature extraction, (2)Driving style recognition utilizing acceleration variation rate and average time headway combined with K-Means++ traffic density clustering and K-neighbor Gaussian mixture model (K-GMM) analysis to classify driving behaviors into conservative, moderate, and radical categories, and (3)Personalized trajectory prediction employing a multi-level neural architecture with dedicated sub-networks for distinct driving styles. Experimental evaluations demonstrate DS-TCTM’s superior performance across multiple dimensions. The model achieves a mean RMSE of 4.46 and NLL of 3.89 across varying prediction horizons, with 35.8% error reduction attained after 100 hyperparameter optimization iterations. Comparative analysis with baseline models (LSTM, Social-LSTM, Social-Velocity-LSTM, Convolutional-Social-LSTM) reveals particularly enhanced accuracy in long-term predictions. These results confirm DS-TCTM’s effectiveness in capturing driving style impacts on trajectory patterns, providing reliable prediction enhancements for vehicle safety systems. This methodology advances personalized trajectory modeling with practical intelligent transportation applications.