A dataset of ground-based VCDs (O3, NO2, HCHO, HONO, SO2) and AOD observations from the hyperspectral vertical remote sensing network in China (2020–2025)

This dataset provides ground-based observations from 53 MAX-DOAS sites of the Chinese Hyperspectral Vertical Remote Sensing Network during 2020–2025. It includes tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of O₃, NO₂, HCHO, HONO, and SO₂, together with aerosol optical depth (AOD), covering a wide range of geographical and atmospheric environments across China. All observations were processed using a consistent retrieval and quality-control framework. The dataset is intended to support satellite product validation, multi-source data comparison and integration, atmospheric model evaluation, and studies of regional atmospheric composition.