Incidence of IRIS and non-IRIS clinical events, and IRIS subtypes over the 24 weeks after ART initiation (n = 498 patients, 620 events).

The denominators for paradoxical IRIS relating to each opportunistic condition were defined by the number of patients with clinically apparent disease at or just prior to ART initiation. In contrast, patients at risk of unmasking IRIS were those without clinically apparent disease prior to ART. For non-IRIS clinical events, the denominator was the total number of patients in the cohort. (n = 498). ART: anti-retroviral therapy; CI: confidence interval; IQR: interquartile range; IRF: immune reconstitution folliculitis; IRIS: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; OI: opportunistic infection; PY: patient-years.*Most common new non-IRIS infections were: upper or lower respiratory tract infection (n = 53); skin infections (fungal [n = 14], bacterial [n = 8] or other [n = 8]); enteric infection (n = 21); vaginal infection (n = 20); other genitourinary infections (n = 12); sepsis/bacteraemia (n = 5).**Most common “other” non-IRIS events were: skin conditions (n = 21); non-specific constitutional symptoms and headache (n = 19); arthropathy/musculoskeletal problems (n = 16); genitourinary conditions (n = 14); gastrointestinal complaints (n = 10); trauma (n = 6). For arthropathy, alternative explanations included: trauma; arthralgia associated with a non-specific viral infection; pyrazinamide toxicity; myalgia and arthralgia without any signs or apparent aetiology.***Includes one case each of oesophagitis, strongyloidiasis, sarcoidosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.