FUNCTIONS OF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE IN THE ORGANISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES

This article analyzes the biological importance of the basement membrane, its structural and functional characteristics, and its role in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. The involvement of the basement membrane in cell adhesion, selective filtration, regeneration, and intercellular signaling is discussed, together with the mechanisms underlying oncological, renal, and dermatological diseases associated with its structural damage. In addition, current diagnostic methods and promising bioengineering strategies aimed at preserving and restoring basement membrane integrity are highlighted.