the source data

Land use data from the China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD) to calculate carbon absorption based on the sequestration coefficients of different land types (forest, grassland, cropland, water, built-up land).NPP-VIIRS-like Nighttime Light (NTL) dataset (2000–2022) was employed to estimate county-level carbon emissions, serving as a proxy for human activity intensity and energy consumption. This dataset provides inter-calibrated and harmonized NTL data combining DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS to ensure temporal consistency and high spatial resolution.