Time Use Survey 2000 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Time Use Survey (TUS) is a household-based survey that measures and analyses the time spent by women and men, girls and boys, the rich and the poor, on different activities over a specified period. Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) conducts time use surveys using the 'yesterday' diary approach. A 'yesterday' diary is one in which the respondent is asked what they did for each period in the 24 hours of a day preceding the survey interview. Unlike data from other surveys, time use data reflects what activities are performed, how they are performed and how long it takes to perform such activities. Such activities include paid work, unpaid work, volunteer work, domestic work, leisure and personal activities.

Stats SA conducted the first TUS in 2000 and the second one in 2010. The TUS aims to provide information on the division of both paid and unpaid labour between women and men, shed light on the reproductive and leisure activities of household members, and provide information about less well-understood productive activities such as subsistence work, casual work and work in the informal sector. Therefore, TUS surveys can be used for gender policy analysis in relation to employment and unemployment, services for children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and provision of basic household services such as electricity and water that obviate the need for manual collection of fuel and water for household use.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The TUS sample covered the non-institutional population aged 10 years and above excluding those living in worker hostels - thus representing an estimated 39,9 million people.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The TUS 2000 sample frame was based on the frame prepared for the 1999 Survey of activities of young people (SAYP). This sample frame was based on the 1996 population census enumerator areas (EAs) and the number of households counted in the 1996 population census. The sampled population excluded all prisoners in prison, patients in hospital, people residing in boarding houses and hotels (whether temporary or semi-permanent), and boarding schools. The 16 EA types from the 1996 Population Census were condensed into four area types, or strata. The four strata were formal urban, informal urban, non-commercial farming rural, and commercial farming areas. Institution type EAs were excluded from the sample.

The sample is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of primary sampling units (PSUs) in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. The EAs were explicitly stratified by province, and within a province by the four strata. The sample size (10 800 dwelling units, with 3 600 units in each of the three tranches) was disproportionately allocated to the explicit strata using the square root method. Within the strata, the EAs were ordered by magisterial district and the EA-types included in the area type (implicit stratification). PSUs consisted of an EA of at least 100 dwelling units. Where an EA contained less than 100 dwelling units, EAs were pooled (using Kish's method of pooling) to meet this requirement. Most EAs had fewer than 100 dwelling units. The dwelling unit was taken as the ultimate sampling unit (USU).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire for the TUS is comprised of five sections:

Section 1 - details of all household members
Section 2 - demographic details of the first person selected (respondent one) in each household
Section 3 - recorded activities performed by respondent one in each household (diary)
Section 4 - demographic details of the second person selected (respondent two) in each household
Section 5 - recorded activities performed by respondent two in each household (diary)

The diary was divided into half-hour slots. Respondents were asked an open-ended question on the activities performed during each half-hour period. These activities were then post-coded by the fieldworker according to the activity classification system. The respondent could report up to three activities for each time slot. Where there was more than one activity reported for a half hour, the respondent was asked whether these activities were conducted simultaneously, or one after the other.

The sections of the questionnaire for household and demographic data collection also contained additional questions on issues likely to affect time use. For example questions on access to household appliances owned. The questionnaire includes two location codes for each recorded activity. The first code provides for eight broadly-defined locations plus the mobile activity of travel. Where the location of a particular activity could be classified as more than one of the given options, the option highest on the list took precedence. The second code distinguished whether the activity was done inside or outside for the eight broadly-defined locations, and distinguished the mode of travel for all travel activity.

摘要
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《时间利用调查》（TUS）是一项基于家庭的调查，旨在衡量和分析在一定时期内女性、男性、女孩、男孩、富裕和贫困人群在不同活动上的时间分配。南非统计局（Stats SA）采用‘昨日’日记法进行时间利用调查。‘昨日’日记是指受访者被询问在调查访谈前一天24小时内的每个时间段都做了什么。与其他调查数据不同，时间利用数据反映了所进行的活动、活动的执行方式以及完成这些活动所需的时间。这些活动包括有偿工作、无偿工作、志愿者工作、家务劳动、休闲和个人活动。
Stats SA于2000年进行了首次TUS调查，于2010年进行了第二次调查。TUS旨在提供关于男女之间有偿和无偿劳动分配的信息，揭示家庭成员的生殖和休闲活动，并就诸如自给自足工作、临时工作和非正式部门工作等不太为人所知的生产活动提供信息。因此，TUS调查可用于与就业和失业相关的性别政策分析，以及儿童、老年人和残疾人士的服务，以及提供基本家庭服务（如电力和水），从而免除家庭对燃料和水的手工收集需求。
地理覆盖范围
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调查具有全国覆盖范围
分析单位
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家庭和个人
总体
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TUS样本涵盖了10岁及以上非机构人口，不包括居住在工人宿舍中的人群，因此代表了约3990万人。
数据类型
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样本调查数据
抽样程序
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TUS 2000的样本框架基于为1999年青年活动调查（SAYP）准备的框架。该样本框架基于1996年人口普查的普查区（EAs）和1996年人口普查中计数的家庭数量。排除的抽样人口包括所有监狱囚犯、医院患者、居住在寄宿学校和酒店（无论临时还是半永久性）的人以及寄宿学校的学生。1996年人口普查的16种EAs被浓缩为四种区域类型或层次。这四个层次为正式城市、非正式城市、非商业农业农村和商业农业区域。机构类型EAs被排除在样本之外。
样本基于分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用与规模成比例的概率（PPS）抽样初级抽样单位（PSUs），第二阶段采用住宅单位（DUs）的系统抽样。EAs被明确分层，省内按四个层次分层。样本量（10800个住宅单位，其中三个阶段各有3600个单位）按平方根法不成比例地分配到明确层次。在层次内，EAs按行政区域排序，包含在区域类型中的EAs类型（隐含分层）。PSUs由至少100个住宅单位的EAs组成。如果一个EAs包含少于100个住宅单位，则使用Kish的合并方法将EAs合并以满足这一要求。大多数EAs的住宅单位数量少于100个。住宅单位被视为最终的抽样单位（USU）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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TUS的问卷由五个部分组成：
部分1 - 所有家庭成员的详细信息
部分2 - 每个家庭中选定的第一人（受访者一）的人口统计详细信息
部分3 - 记录受访者一在家庭中执行的活动（日记）
部分4 - 每个家庭中选定的第二人（受访者二）的人口统计详细信息
部分5 - 记录受访者二在家庭中执行的活动（日记）
日记分为半小时时段。受访者被询问在每个半小时时段内执行的活动。然后，现场工作人员根据活动分类系统对这些活动进行后编码。受访者可以为每个时间段报告多达三项活动。如果一个半小时内报告了多项活动，则要求受访者判断这些活动是同时进行的还是依次进行的。
家庭和人口数据收集的问卷部分还包含可能影响时间利用的问题的附加问题。例如，关于拥有家庭电器获取的问题。问卷为每个记录的活动包含两个位置代码。第一个代码提供八个广泛定义的位置，以及旅行的移动活动。如果特定活动的位置可以被归类为多个给定选项之一，则列表中排名最高的选项优先。第二个代码区分了八个广泛定义的位置中的活动是在室内还是室外进行的，并区分了所有旅行活动的交通方式。