Dataset from Optimization of a New Adaptive Intervention to Increase COVID-19 Testing Among People at High Risk in an Urban Community

Background: The purpose of this study was to adapt the HIV Continuum of Prevention, Care, and Treatment Framework (CoPCT) to track COVID-19 testing and follow-up in medically and socially vulnerable populations. The study aimed to increase COVID-19 testing, support adherence to state prevention and treatment recommendations, and identify which intervention strategies worked best for different groups, including those who declined testing.

Materials/Methods: This study was conducted at the North Jersey Community Research Initiative using an integrated research collaborative framework that brought researchers, service providers, and community members together to refine the adaptive intervention. A sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design guided by Community Based Participatory Research principles was used, along with the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) to optimize the COVID-19 CoPCT. Participants received Navigation Services or referrals to evaluate their effect on COVID-19 testing. Brief Counseling was assessed for its effect on adherence to New Jersey COVID-19 prevention and treatment guidelines. Critical Dialogue was offered to individuals who declined testing to evaluate its influence on later testing behavior. Data collection focused on testing uptake, prevention and treatment adherence, and behavioral responses across stages of the COVID-19 continuum.

Outcome/Impact: The study generated evidence about which intervention components were most effective for specific subgroups and points along the COVID-19 prevention and care continuum. Findings identified factors that influenced testing decisions and adherence to state guidelines and supported the creation of tailored decision rules to guide future COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies in vulnerable communities.