PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SURGERY: THE IMPACT OF PATIENTS' AND SURGEONS' MENTAL STATES ON SURGICAL OUTCOMES

Surgical intervention is not only a technical procedure but also a powerful psychological stressor for both the patient and the surgeon. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative depression, surgeons’ personality traits, and psychological preparation significantly influence the risk of complications, speed of rehabilitation, and overall quality of life. This review examines the main areas of interaction between psychology and surgery: the mental state of surgical patients, the role of preoperative psychological support, the psychological characteristics of surgeons, and modern approaches to integrating psychological care into the surgical process. The literature confirms that systematic attention to psychological factors can improve treatment outcomes and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.