Sugar activates defense signaling in Arabidopsis

Sugar is propose to be a signal molecules for defense in plants. Here, using RNA-seq, we revealed that the application of non-metabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose induces the expression of defense-related genes in Arabidopsis. In addition, loss of sugar transporters (STPs) leads to altered responsiveness to flg22, suggesting that sugar-mediated signaling contributes to plant defense. Overall design: Seedlings of Col-0, stp1stp4stp13 and fls2 were treated with 1 µM flg22 or 1 mM 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Plants were harvested as a single biological replicates at 2, 10, 24 hours after flg22 application or at 24 hours after 2-deoxy-d-glucose application. To generate three biological replicates, three independent experimental trials were carried out.