Phylogenies related to: Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans

The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core
microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can
show remarkable population specificity. The question is whether such
specificity arises from a shared evolutionary history (codiversification)
between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification of host
and microbiota, we analyzed paired gut metagenomes and human genomes for
1225 individuals in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including mothers and their
children.  Between and within countries, signals of
codiversification were evident for humans and their gut microbes.
Moreover, species displaying the strongest codiversification independently
evolved traits characteristic of host dependency, including reduced
genomes, and oxygen and temperature sensitivity. These findings all point
to the importance of understanding the potential role of
population-specific microbial strains in microbiome-mediated disease
phenotypes.