DataSheet_1_Persistent humoral and CD4+ TH cell immunity after mild SARS-COV-2 infection—The CoNAN long-term study.pdf

Understanding persistent cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be of major importance to terminate the ongoing pandemic. Here, we assessed long-term immunity in individuals with mild COVID-19 up to 1 year after a localized SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CoNAN was a longitudinal population-based cohort study performed 1.5 months, 6 months, and 12 months after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a rural German community. We performed a time series of five different IgG immunoassays assessing SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses on serum samples from individuals that had been tested positive after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and in control individuals who had a negative PCR result. These analyses were complemented with the determination of spike-antigen specific TH cell responses in the same individuals. All infected participants were presented as asymptomatic or mild cases. Participants initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection either with PCR, antibody testing, or both had a rapid initial decline in the serum antibody levels in all serological tests but showed a persisting TH cell immunity as assessed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specificity of TH cells for up to 1 year after infection. Our data support the notion of a persistent T-cell immunity in mild and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 up to 1 year after infection. We show that antibody titers decline over 1 year, but considering several test results, complete seroreversion is rare.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022416.

深入理解针对 SARS-CoV-2 的持久性细胞和体液免疫反应，对于终结当前疫情具有重要意义。本研究评估了在德国乡村社区 SARS-CoV-2 局部爆发后 1 年内轻度 COVID-19 患者的长期免疫状况。CoNAN 研究是一项纵向的基于人群的队列研究，分别在 SARS-CoV-2 爆发后 1.5 个月、6 个月和 12 个月进行。我们通过一系列五项不同的 IgG 免疫分析法，对血清样本中 SARS-CoV-2 抗体反应进行时间序列分析，这些样本来自 SARS-CoV-2 爆发后检测呈阳性的个体以及 PCR 检测结果为阴性的对照组个体。这些分析辅以检测同一个体中针对刺突抗原的 TH 细胞反应。所有感染者均表现为无症状或轻度病例。参与者最初通过 PCR、抗体检测或两者兼而有之检测出 SARS-CoV-2 感染后，所有血清学检测中的血清抗体水平均迅速下降，但通过 TH 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 特异性检测显示 TH 细胞免疫持续至感染后 1 年。我们的数据支持了在 SARS-CoV-2 轻型和无症状病例中，感染后 1 年内存在持久性 T 细胞免疫的观点。我们发现抗体滴度在 1 年内下降，但综合考虑多项检测结果，完全的血清学逆转较为罕见。临床试验注册号：德国临床试验注册 DRKS00022416。