Types and efficacy of tissue Interposition Flaps used in the treatment of vesicovaginal fistula: A scoping review of the literature

In this study, we reviewed all available autologous and synthetic materials used for tissue interposition in vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair. The materials were defined for their biomaterial properties and their surgical outcomes. Research on the use of tissue interposition flaps in VVF repair is a broad area where a very wide range of natural and synthetic materials have been used in clinical studies that vary from case studies to randomized controlled trials with heterogeneity at all aspects of the clinical research. The occurrence of VVF is diverse in the social and clinical settings, resulting in a parallel heterogeneity in the published literature on its treatment. Synthetic and autologous flaps have been used without robust clinical evidence on the most efficacious type and technique of the tissue interposition flap.