Seawater carbonate chemistry and egg quality and offspring performance of sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) within a volcanic vents area

In this study, the effects of lower pH coupled with the presence of environmental contaminants were assessed on sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) collected outside and inside a volcanic CO2-vent system, where the mean ambient pH is 8.1 and 7.7, respectively.