Data from: Indigenous and Western frameworks reveal bias in the scientific literature on salmon’s contributions to social-ecological systems

Benefits and values of natural-origin and hatchery-origin salmon, the
latter representing a key component of salmon management along the west
coast of North America, have yet to be described in a way that relies on
both Western and Indigenous perspectives. We characterize the
social-ecological roles of anadromous Pacific salmon and trout, as
depicted in peer-reviewed literature, in a systematic review. We
identified 155 papers that met our criteria based on a systematic review
of 685 published papers found through Web of Science. We used two existing
frameworks – Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services
(CICES) and Earth Economics’ Sociocultural Framework on the Significance
of Salmon for Tribes and First Nations (EEScF) – to review and
characterize ecosystem services and values of salmon in general and
hatchery-origin salmon. We found that most of the values described were
ecological rather than sociocultural, mapped more onto CICES than EEScF,
and did not consider hatchery-origin salmon. Applying the CICES framework,
authors frequently described how salmon provide nutrients and energy to
various systems and organisms, regulate freshwater chemistry, and have
significance for culture or heritage. Some of these benefits had
equivalent values within EEScF, although far fewer of the references in
the literature addressed attributes of this framework relative to CICES.
Within EEScF, the importance of salmon as food was most frequently
described, followed by the significance of salmon for Indigenous
management systems. We recommend broadening research and management to
reflect the multiple perspectives of the value of Pacific salmon to
ecosystems, Indigenous peoples, and local communities, including the
contributions of hatchery-origin salmon.