Shell owns the largest oil refinery in Europe. As of 2023, its Pernis, Netherlands, plant had a daily capacity of 404,000 barrels and was the only refinery with a capacity exceeding 400,000 barrels. M
Canada had an oil refinery capacity of 1.95 million barrels per day in 2023. In recent years, the Alberta oil sands were accounted for in the proven oil reserves under the Alberta Energy and Utilities