Distribution of socio-demographic and biological characteristics of APCAPS participants (n = 1038), 2009–10.

All values are means(SD) unless otherwise stated.MVPA = Moderate or Vigorous Physical Activity; 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, IMT = Intima-Media Thickness, HDL = High-density lipoprotein, LDL = Low-density lipoprotein* We used a cut-off of ≤20ng/ml to define deficiency (equal to 50nmol/l) [18].† p-values are based on unpaired t-tests for heterogeneity in means, with appropriate degrees of freedom.‡ non-normal distribution; median (inter-quartile range) presented, and p-values are based on Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests for equality.Ф Analysis of fasting glucose, insulin, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol exclude participants who did not fast (n = 36)§ Smoking status; former user = ceased use >6 months ago; current user = used in the last 6 months.¶ Manual occupations include roles such as labourers, craftsmen, servants, postal staff and farmers; professional occupations include role such as teachers, accountants, clinicians, business owners and engineers.Distribution of socio-demographic and biological characteristics of APCAPS participants (n = 1038), 2009–10.