Dataset "PROEMA_REU": an Italian multicentric study about Leishmania infection in patients treated for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with biologics.

The dataset includes information on 126 patients enrolled in an Italian study investigating asymptomatic Leishmania infection in individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases undergoing treatment with biologic therapies. Leishmania infection was assessed using three diagnostic methods: (1) a Western Blot to detect specific IgG antibodies; (2) a semi-quantitative real-time PCR targeting kinetoplast (k)DNA minicircles; and (3) a Whole Blood Assay (WBA) measuring the levels of two cytokines, IL-2 and IP-10, using a Cytokine Bead Array (CBA) in plasma derived from blood samples stimulated with soluble Leishmania infantum antigens (SLA). Patients were considered positive if at least one of the three diagnostic tests yielded a positive result.