广西马尾松育种体系建立与应用

项目属林木遗传育种领域。马尾松分布广、用途多、价值高、发展潜力大，是我国生 态建设和林业产业发展的主要造林树种。项目针对马尾松育种体系不完善，遗传改良成效 缓慢，良种供应严重不足等现状，以建立高效可持续的马尾松育种体系为目标，经过 26 年系统联合攻关，在马尾松育种体系构建、多世代育种策略、良种基地建设、种质创新和良种选育、良种示范与推广等方面取得了系列重要研究成果。 构建并运行高效的马尾松育种体系，选育出一批国家及自治区级林木良种。完成全轮 伐期1代遗传改良和2代育种群体构建， 2代改良增益达32.7%， 2代改良遗传增益达24.5% 选育优良家系 65 个，其中国家级良种 2 个，省级良种 12 个，植物新品种 1 个。 创建“群体-亚系-育种组”三级结构划分体系和异系交配的高世代杂交方法。围绕杂交 亲本选择的随意性和高世代育种遗传基础变窄的技术瓶颈，兼顾表型遗传增益与亲缘关系 平衡，创新性地将育种群体划分为“群体-亚系-育种组”三级结构体系，将 1 代育种群体划 分为 17 个亚系 34 个育种组，2 代育种群体划分为 10 个亚系 24 个育种组。 创新了以育种 组为单元的同系慎交、异系交配的高世代杂交方法，显著提高了高世代杂交育种的效率并 有效解决亚系内近交率偏高的技术难题。 率先建成高世代杂交育种园。突破了杂交育种成本高、产出效率低的局限，率先建成 高世代杂交育种园 3 处面积 12hm2，显著提高了高世代种质创制的效率，完成马尾松杂交 设计 71 组，创制杂交组合 849 个。获发明专利 1 项。

This project falls within the field of forest tree genetics and breeding. Pinus massoniana, featuring wide distribution, multiple applications, high value and great development potential, is the primary afforestation tree species for China's ecological construction and forestry industry development. In response to the current challenges including imperfect breeding system, slow genetic improvement efficiency and severe shortage of improved variety supply for Pinus massoniana, the project aims to establish an efficient and sustainable breeding system for Pinus massoniana. After 26 years of systematic joint research, a series of important research achievements have been made in the construction of Pinus massoniana breeding system, multi-generation breeding strategies, improved variety base construction, germplasm innovation, improved variety selection, as well as improved variety demonstration and promotion.

An efficient Pinus massoniana breeding system has been constructed and put into operation, and a batch of national and autonomous regional-level forest tree improved varieties have been selected. The first-generation genetic improvement and second-generation breeding population construction for the entire rotation period have been completed, with the genetic gain of second-generation improvement reaching 32.7% and the genetic gain of the second-generation improvement reaching 24.5%. A total of 65 excellent families have been selected, including 2 national-level improved varieties, 12 provincial-level improved varieties, and 1 plant variety right.

A three-level structural division system of "population-subline-breeding group" and a high-generation hybridization method for outcrossing have been established. Aiming at the technical bottlenecks of random selection of hybrid parents and narrowed genetic basis in high-generation breeding, while balancing phenotypic genetic gain and genetic relationship, the breeding population is innovatively divided into the three-level structural system of "population-subline-breeding group". The first-generation breeding population is divided into 17 sublines and 34 breeding groups, and the second-generation breeding population is divided into 10 sublines and 24 breeding groups.

An innovative high-generation hybridization method featuring cautious intra-line mating and outcrossing with breeding groups as the basic unit has been developed, which significantly improves the efficiency of high-generation crossbreeding and effectively solves the technical problem of excessively high inbreeding rate within sublines.

The first three high-generation hybrid seed orchards covering a total area of 12 hm² have been constructed, breaking through the limitations of high cost and low output efficiency of crossbreeding. The efficiency of high-generation germplasm creation has been significantly improved, with 71 sets of Pinus massoniana hybridization designs completed and 849 hybrid combinations created. One invention patent has been granted.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于林木遗传育种领域，旨在通过26年的系统研究，建立高效可持续的广西马尾松育种体系。项目成功选育了包括国家级和省级在内的多个良种，并创新性地构建了'群体-亚系-育种组'三级结构划分体系，同时建成了高世代杂交育种园以提升种质创制效率。