Muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities and risk of type 2 diabetes in women from the Nurses' Health Study (2000–2008) and Nurses' Health Study II (2001–2009).

Data are relative risks (95% CI).a Adjusted for age (months), smoking (never, past, or current), alcohol consumption (0, 1–5, >5 g/d), coffee intake (0, 5 cups/day), race (white, non-white), family history of diabetes, post menopausal hormone use (never, past, current), intake of total energy, trans fat, polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio, cereal fiber, wholegrain, and glycemic load (all dietary factors in quintiles), oral contraceptive use (only NHSII: never, past, current), menopausal status (only NHSII: pre, post).b Additionally adjusted for aerobic physical activity (categorized similar to muscle-strengthening activities), and resistance exercise and lower intensity muscular conditioning exercises were mutually adjusted.c Additionally adjusted for BMI (continuous).d Combined using fixed effect pooling.