Table_1_MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor gene family in peanut: Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis under abiotic stress.xlsx

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most important economic crops around the world, especially since it provides vegetable oil and high-quality protein for humans. Proteins encoded by MADS-box transcription factors are widely involved in regulating plant growth and development as well as responses to abiotic stresses. However, the MIKC-type MADS-box TFs in peanut remains currently unclear. Hence, in this study, 166 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified in both cultivated and wild-type peanut genomes, which were divided into 12 subfamilies. We found a variety of development-, hormone-, and stress-related cis-acting elements in the promoter region of peanut MIKC-type MADS-box genes. The chromosomal distribution of peanut MADS-box genes was not random, and gene duplication contributed to the expansion of the MADS-box gene family. The interaction network of the peanut AhMADS proteins was established. Expression pattern analysis showed that AhMADS genes were specifically expressed in tissues and under abiotic stresses. It was further confirmed via the qRT-PCR technique that five selected AhMADS genes could be induced by abiotic and hormone treatments and presented different expressive profiles under various stresses. Taken together, these findings provide valuable information for the exploration of candidate genes in molecular breeding and further study of AhMADS gene functions.

花生（Arachis hypogaea）是全球最重要的经济作物之一，尤其是在为人类提供植物油和高品质蛋白质方面。编码于MADS-box转录因子的蛋白质在调控植物生长、发育以及应对非生物胁迫中发挥着广泛的作用。然而，花生中的MIKC型MADS-box转录因子目前尚不明确。因此，在本研究中，我们在栽培型和野生型花生基因组中鉴定了166个MIKC型MADS-box基因，并将它们分为12个亚家族。我们发现花生MIKC型MADS-box基因启动子区域存在多种与发育、激素和胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。花生MADS-box基因在染色体上的分布并非随机，基因重复有助于MADS-box基因家族的扩张。建立了花生AhMADS蛋白的相互作用网络。表达模式分析表明，AhMADS基因在特定组织和非生物胁迫下特异性表达。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术进一步证实，五个选定的AhMADS基因能够被非生物和激素处理诱导，并在不同胁迫条件下呈现出不同的表达谱。综合上述发现，为分子育种中候选基因的探索以及AhMADS基因功能的深入研究提供了宝贵信息。