F-ratio (F) and p-value (p) for: mean fundamental frequency (F0mean), coefficient of variation (F0CV), first four formant frequencies (F1–F4) and formant spacing (ΔF). Significant effects are indicate
we manually listened to all the sounds and classified them into four categories: [Type-0] Sounds that are completely irrelevant to the corresponding labels; [Type-1] Earcon (The identification of Earc
Introduction It is well-established that high vowels tend to have a higher F0 than low vowels, a phenomenon known as Intrinsic Vowel F0 (IF0). However, the underlying cause of IF0 remains debated. Pre
