植物对新污染物的吸收与代谢研究进展

The widespread occurrence of emerging contaminants(ECs) in multiple environmental media has become a global environmental concern.As primary producers in ecosystem, plants can absorb ECs from the surrounding environments and transfer them through the food chain, thereby posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health.Previous studies have predominantly focused on either the uptake or the metabolism of ECs in plants, with limited systematic discussion of the influencing factors.Hence, this study comprehensively reviewed the uptake and metabolic processes of ECs in plants, as well as key factors affecting these processes, to provide a good understanding of the fate of ECs in plants.ECs are primarily taken up by roots(via passive diffusion or active transport) and leaves(via stomatal penetration or cuticular absorption).Plant uptake is influenced by plant traits(e.g.,species, root exudates, and channel protein expression),physicochemical properties of ECs(e.g.,polarity, hydrophobicity, and molecular size),and environmental factors(e.g.,soil organic matter, pH, and temperature).Once entering plants, ECs undergo enzyme-mediated metabolic transformations, including Phase Ⅰ metabolism(e.g.,oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and cleavage),Phase Ⅱ metabolism(conjugation with glucose, glutathione, amino acids),and Phase Ⅲ metabolism(compartmentalization in vacuoles or integration into cell walls).These processes convert ECs into more water-soluble and less toxic compounds.The metabolism process is affected by plant characteristics(e.g.,metabolic enzymes and endogenous substances) and the chemical structure of ECs(e.g.,functional groups, molecular size, and spatial configuration).