Summer physical and biological effects on the distributions and emissions of volatile sulfur compounds in the Kuroshio Extension and Oyashio Current confluence region

The Kuroshio Extension (KE)and theOyashio Current (OC)confluence region, well-known for the prominent marine dynamic processes, is regarded as a critical zone for the circulations of substance and heat in the Northwest Pacific. Marine-derived volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and carbon disulfide (CS₂), are crucial for global sulfur cycling and climate modulation. Motivated by their ecological significance, a systematic investigation was undertaken to elucidate thedistributions of VSCs in both the water column and the overlying atmosphere, aiming to explore how these compounds respond to marine dynamic processes and identifying keybiogeochemincal factors. What we found not only deepen our understanding of the biogeochemical processes governing VSCs but also lay a solid foundation for future comprehensive research on VSCs in complex and dynamic marine ecosystems.