Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) Model: MAPS Model Location Time Series (MOLTS) Derived Soundings

The MAPS Model Location Time Series (MOLTS) is one of the model output datasets provided in the Southern Great Plains - 1997 (SGP97). The full MAPS MOLTS dataset covers most of North America east of the Rocky Mountains (283 locations). MOLTS are hourly time series output at selected locations that contain values for various surface parameters and ‘sounding' profiles at MAPS model levels and are derived from the MAPS model output. The MOLTS output files were converted into Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) Quality Control Format (QCF), the same format used for atmospheric rawinsonde soundings processed by JOSS. The MOLTS output provided by JOSS online includes only the initial analysis output (i.e. no forecast MOLTS) and only state parameters (pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and wind). The full output, including the forecast MOLTS and all output parameters, in its original format (Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data, or BUFR) is available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Scientific Computing Division. The Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) operates the MAPS model with a resolution of 40 km and 40 vertical levels. The MAPS analysis and forecast fields are generated every 3 hours at 0000, 0300, 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800, and 2100 UTC daily. MOLTS are hourly vertical profile and surface time series derived from the MAPS model output. The complete MOLTS output includes six informational items, 16 parameters for each level and 27 parameters at the surface. Output are available each hour beginning at the initial analysis (the only output available from JOSS) and ending at the 48 hour forecast. JOSS converts the raw format files into JOSS QCF format which is the same format used for atmospheric sounding data such as National Weather Service (NWS) soundings. JOSS calculated the total wind speed and direction from the u and v wind components. JOSS calculated the mixing ratio from the specific humidity (Pruppacher and Klett 1980) and the dew point from the mixing ratio (Wallace and Hobbs 1977). Then the relative humidity was calculated from the dew point (Bolton 1980). JOSS did not conduct any quality control on this output. The header records (15 total records) contain output type, project ID, the location of the nearest station to the MOLTS location (this can be a rawinsonde station, an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)/Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) station, a wind profiler station, a surface station, or just the nearest town), the location of the MOLTS output, and the valid time for the MOLTS output. The five header lines contain information identifying the sounding, and have a rigidly defined form. The following 6 header lines are used for auxiliary information and comments about the sounding, and they vary significantly from dataset to dataset. The last 3 header records contain header information for the data columns. Line 13 holds the field names, line 14 the field units, and line 15 contains dashes ('-' characters) delineating the extent of the field. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2ad09880-6439-440c-9829-c4653ec12a4f

MAPS模型位置时间序列（MOLTS）是南方大平原1997年（SGP97）提供的一系列模型输出数据集之一。完整的MAPS MOLTS数据集涵盖了落基山脉以东的北美大部分地区（283个位置）。MOLTS是在选定位置每小时输出的时间序列，包含各种地表参数和'MAPS模型层级'的'探空'剖面值，这些数据均源自MAPS模型输出。MOLTS输出文件已被转换为联合科学支持办公室（JOSS）质量控制格式（QCF），该格式与JOSS处理的气象原始探空数据所使用的格式相同。JOSS在线提供的MOLTS输出仅包括初始分析输出（即，无预报MOLTS）和仅包含状态参数（压力、海拔、温度、湿度及风速）。完整的输出，包括预报MOLTS和所有输出参数，以原始格式（气象数据表示的通用二进制格式，或BUFR）从国家大气研究中心（NCAR）/科学计算部门获取。预报系统实验室（FSL）以40公里分辨率和40个垂直层级运行MAPS模型。MAPS分析和预报场每天在0000、0300、0600、0900、1200、1500、1800和2100 UTC时刻每3小时生成一次。MOLTS是从MAPS模型输出中导出的每小时垂直剖面和地表时间序列。完整的MOLTS输出包括六个信息项，每个层级16个参数，地表有27个参数。输出每小时提供一次，从初始分析（JOSS提供的唯一输出）开始，至48小时预报结束。JOSS将原始格式文件转换为JOSS QCF格式，这与国家气象服务（NWS）探空等大气探空数据的格式相同。JOSS从u和v风分量计算总风速和风向。JOSS从比湿（Pruppacher和Klett 1980）计算混合比，并从混合比（Wallace和Hobbs 1977）计算露点。然后从露点（Bolton 1980）计算相对湿度。JOSS未对此输出进行质量控制。标题记录（共15条记录）包含输出类型、项目ID、距离MOLTS位置最近的站点的位置（这可能是一个原始探空站、大气辐射测量（ARM）/云和辐射测试平台（CART）站、风廓线站、地表站，或仅仅是最近的城镇）、MOLTS输出的位置和MOLTS输出的有效时间。前五条标题行包含识别探空的信息，并具有严格定义的格式。接下来的六条标题行用于辅助信息和关于探空的注释，并且这些信息在数据集之间差异很大。最后三条标题记录包含数据列的标题信息。第13行包含字段名称，第14行包含字段单位，第15行包含表示字段范围的短横线（'-'字符）。本数据集包含的资源：资源标题：地理数据目录记录。文件名：网页，URL：https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2ad09880-6439-440c-9829-c4653ec12a4f