Table S1

This study evaluates the environmental and CO₂ reduction potential of three microalgae-based products—biodiesel, fish feed, and biofertilizer—using a life cycle assessment across nine scenarios with varying electricity profiles (current Thai mix, 50% renewable hybrid, 100% renewable). Results showed that increased renewable energy use enhances the environmental benefits of all products. Fish feed, with a potential revenue of USD 560 million, had the lowest environmental impacts and could reduce CO₂ emissions by 1.1 million tonnes. Biodiesel could generate USD 3.5 billion and cut CO₂ emissions by 30 million tonnes, while biofertilizer could yield USD 2 billion, reducing CO₂ by 6 million tonnes. Collectively, these products could offset 37 million tonnes of CO₂, achieving 14% of Thailand's CO₂ reduction target and supporting national climate goals.