Police Services Study, Phase II, 1977: Rochester, St. Louis, and St. Petersburg

The data for this study were collected in order to examine the delivery of police services in selected neighborhoods. Performances of police agencies organized in different ways were compared as they delivered services to different sets of comparable neighborhoods. For Part 1, Citizen Debriefing Data, data were drawn from telephone interviews conducted with citizens who were involved in police-citizen encounters or who requested police services during the observed shifts. The file contains data on the citizens involved in observed encounters, their satisfaction with the delivered services, and neighborhood characteristics. This file includes variables such as the type of incident, estimated property loss, police response time, type of action taken by police, citizen satisfaction with the handling of the problem by police, reasons for dissatisfaction, the emotional state of the citizen during the encounter, whom the officers referred the citizen to for help, the citizen's prior contacts with police, and the citizen's education, age, sex, and total family income. Part 2, General Shift Information, contains data describing the shift (i.e., the eight-hour tour of duty to which the officers were assigned), the officers, and the events occurring during an observed shift. This file includes such variables as the total number of encounters, a breakdown of dispatched runs by type, the number of contacts with other officers, the number of contacts with non-police support units, officer discretion in taking legal action, and officer attitudes on patrol styles and activities. Part 3, Police Encounters Data, describes police encounters observed by the research team during selected shifts. It consists of information describing the officers' role in encounters with citizens observed during a shift and their demeanor toward the citizens involved. The file includes variables such as the type of encounter, how the encounter began, whether the citizens involved possessed a weapon, the encounter location, what other agencies were present during the encounter and when they arrived, police actions during the encounter, the role of citizens involved in the encounter, the demeanor of the officer toward the citizens during the encounter, actions taken by the citizens, which services were requested by the citizens, and how the observer affected the encounter. Part 4, Victimization Survey Data, examined citizen attitudes about the police and crime in their neighborhoods. The data were obtained through telephone interviews conducted by trained interviewers. These interviews followed a standard questionnaire designed by the project leaders. Variables include perceived risk of victimization, evaluations of the delivery of police services, household victimization occurring in the previous year, actions taken by citizens in response to crime, and demographic characteristics of the neighborhood.

本研究之数据收集旨在审视特定社区中警务服务的提供情况。不同组织形式的警务机构在向不同可比社区提供服务时的表现得到了比较。第一部分，市民简报数据，数据源自对参与警察与市民互动或在其观察时段内请求警务服务的市民进行的电话访谈。该文件包含参与观察互动的市民信息、他们对所提供服务的满意度以及社区特征。该文件包括诸如事件类型、估计财产损失、警察响应时间、警察采取的行动类型、市民对警察处理问题的满意度、不满意的原因、市民在互动过程中的情绪状态、警官推荐市民寻求帮助的对象、市民与警察的先前联系、市民的教育程度、年龄、性别以及家庭总收入等变量。第二部分，常规班次信息，包含描述班次（即警官被分配的八小时值班）、警官以及观察班次期间发生的事件的数据。该文件包括诸如总互动次数、按类型分派的任务细分、与其他警官的接触次数、与非警务支援单位的接触次数、警官在采取法律行动时的自由裁量权以及警官对巡逻风格和活动的态度等变量。第三部分，警察互动数据，描述了研究团队在选定班次期间观察到的警察互动。它包括描述警官在班次期间与市民互动中的角色以及他们对涉及市民的态度的信息。该文件包括诸如互动类型、互动如何开始、涉及的市民是否持有武器、互动地点、在互动期间其他机构的到场及其到达时间、警察在互动中的行动、参与互动的市民的角色、警官在互动中对市民的态度、市民采取的行动、市民请求的服务以及观察者如何影响互动等变量。第四部分，受害者调查数据，考察了市民对其社区警察和犯罪的看法。数据是通过经过培训的访谈者进行的电话访谈获得的。这些访谈遵循了由项目负责人设计的标准问卷。变量包括感知的受害者风险、对警察服务提供方式的评估、上一年发生的家庭受害者事件、市民对犯罪的反应以及社区的人口统计特征。