Table_3_Effect of Dietary Tryptophan on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota, and Intestinal Gene Expression in an Improved Triploid Crucian Carp.xlsx

Tryptophan (Trp) has received increasing attention in the maintenance of intestinal function. In this study, improved triploid crucian carp (ITCC) fed diets containing 6.35 g kg−1 Trp had higher average daily gain (ADG) and improved villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the intestine compared to the control group. To elucidate the potential mechanisms, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate changes in the intestinal transcriptome and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to measure the intestinal microbiota in response to 6.35 g kg−1 Trp feeding in ITCC. Dietary Trp altered intestinal gene expression involved in nutrient transport and metabolism. Differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were highly enriched in key pathways containing protein digestion and absorption and the AMPK signaling pathway. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that 6.35 g kg−1 Trp significantly increased the abundance of the genus Cetobacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level (P < 0.05). In addition, bacterial richness indices (Simpson index) significantly increased (P < 0.05) community evenness in response to 6.35 g kg−1 Trp. In conclusion, appropriate dietary Trp improves the growth performance, and influences the intestinal flora of ITCC. This study might be helpful to guide the supply of dietary exogenous Trp in ITCC breeding.

色氨酸（Trp）在维持肠道功能方面的作用日益受到关注。在本研究中，与对照组相比，喂食含6.35 g kg−1 Trp的优化三倍体鲫鱼（ITCC）饲料的实验组呈现出更高的平均日增重（ADG）、改善的肠道绒毛高度（VH）和隐窝深度（CD）。为阐明潜在机制，本研究采用RNA测序（RNA-seq）技术探究ITCC中肠道转录组在6.35 g kg−1 Trp喂养条件下的变化，并通过16S rRNA基因测序技术检测肠道微生物群。膳食中Trp的摄入改变了与营养运输和代谢相关的肠道基因表达。差异表达转录本（DETs）在包含蛋白质消化和吸收以及AMPK信号通路的关键通路中高度富集。16S rRNA测序结果显示，6.35 g kg−1 Trp显著增加了Cetobacterium属的丰度，并在门水平上显著提高了厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值（P < 0.05）。此外，细菌丰富度指数（辛普森指数）在6.35 g kg−1 Trp的响应下显著增加（P < 0.05），社区均匀度得到提升。总之，适宜的膳食色氨酸能够改善生长性能，并影响ITCC的肠道菌群。本研究或许有助于指导ITCC育种中膳食外源性色氨酸的供应。