Knowledge about VL causes and protection measures.

Results for 2009 and 2011 surveys stratified by households with and without VL history.
(*)As reported in the 2009 survey.
(†)Results of McNemar test for matched data.
(**)Encompasses “Insect” and “Sand flies” answers, and is the only response considered as “Proper knowledge on VL causes”.
(§)p<0.05 for differences between HH with and without history of VL.
(‡)Other causes reported were poor hygiene, malnutrition, hunger, polluted water and sexual intercourse with infected person.
(¶)Other protective measures reported were spraying, treatment, good nutrition and avoiding acacia trees.
(††)Proper knowledge on VL measures defined as a spontaneous answer that included at least one of the following “Bed net “,“Environmental Sanitation”, “Spraying” or “Avoiding acacia tree” in the VL protective measures question.