Patients’ baseline characteristics. *

Data are presented as means (SD), and the minimum and maximum values unless otherwise stated. BMI = body mass index; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; ICPET = incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing; ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; LABA = long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA = short-acting β2-agonist; SAMA = short-acting muscarinic antagonist; VC = vital capacity.*The groups shown represent only patients analyzed for efficacy. Medications are not mutually exclusive, and data are presented separately.†Analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test.‡Analyzed using a Fisher’s exact test.