High-Fidelity Synchrophasor Dataset from a Real-Time HIL Testbed for State Estimation and Event Analysis

Synchrophasor technology provides high fidelity, time synchronized voltage and current measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), enabling situational awareness and real time control through methods such as State Estimation (SE). These measurements improve system monitoring, situational awareness, and decision making during both normal and dynamic operating conditions. However, the effective development and validation of SE techniques face significant challenges due to the lack of datasets that capture spatial\u2013temporal relationships in a highly dynamic grid with fast changing events. Access to real world PMU data is limited because of privacy, security, and confidentiality constraints, while offline simulated data often fails to reproduce the full complexity of real time behavior, including communication delays and event driven variations. This shortage of realistic, high quality datasets restricts the benchmarking and validation of advanced SE tools. To address these limitations, we utilize a real time Hardware in the Loop (HIL) testbed that integrates the IEEE 39 bus system with 26 optimally placed PMUs, hardware and software PMUs, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) simulations, Real Time Automation and Controller (RTAC) devices, and network emulation to generate high fidelity, event rich datasets. The generated data covers a wide range of realistic scenarios, including generator trips and reconnections, load variations and shedding, line outages, and fault events, all designed to reflect actual system behavior. The resulting datasets support a complete data processing and analytics pipeline tailored for SE and can also be used in other applications such as anomaly detection. For SE, the data is pre processed for topology consistency, time alignment, and windowed segmentation to enable robust validation and performance benchmarking of estimation algorithms. Finally, we validate the generated data using SE and make the dataset publicly available for further research.