Thirteen-year Stover Harvest and Tillage Effects on Corn Agroecosystem Sustainability in Iowa

This dataset includes soil health, crop biomass, and crop yield data for a 13-year corn stover harvest trial in central Iowa.
Following the release in 2005 of the Billion Ton Study assessment of biofuel sources, several soil health assessments associated with harvesting corn stover were initiated across ARS locations to help provide industry guidelines for sustainable stover harvest. This dataset is from a trial conducted by the National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment from 2007-2021 at the Iowa State University Ag Engineering and Agronomy farm. Management factors evaluated in the trial included the following.

Stover harvest rate at three levels: No, moderate (3.5 ± 1.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1), or high (5.0 ± 1.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1) stover harvest rates.
No-till versus chisel-plow tillage. Originally, the 3 stover harvest rates were evaluated in a complete factorial design with tillage system. However, the no-till, no-harvest system performed poorly in continuous corn and was discontinued in 2012 due to lack of producer interest.
Cropping sequence. In addition to evaluating continuous corn for all stover harvest rates and tillage systems, a corn-alfalfa rotation, and a corn-soybean-wheat rotation with winter cover crops were evaluated in a subset of the tillage and stover harvest rate treatments.
One-time additions of biochar in 2013 at rates of either 9 Mg/ha or 30 Mg/ha were evaluated in a continuous corn cropping system.

The dataset includes:
1) Crop biomass and yields for all crop phases in every year.
2) Soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and pH to 120 cm depth in 2012, 2016, and 2017. Soil cores from 2005 (pre-study) were also sampled to 90 cm depth.
3) Soil chemistry sampled to 15 cm depth every 1-2 years from 2007 to 2017.
4) Soil strength and compaction was assessed to 60 cm depth in April 2021.
These data have been presented in several manuscripts, including Phillips et al. (in review), O'Brien et al. (2020), and Obrycki et al. (2018).
Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: R Script for Phillips et al. 2022. File Name: Field 70-71 Analysis Script_AgDataCommons.RResource Description: This R script includes analysis and figures for Phillips et al. "Thirteen-year Stover Harvest and Tillage Effects on Soil Compaction in Iowa". It focuses primarily on the soil compaction and strength data found in "Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021". It also includes analysis of corn yields from "Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021" and weather conditions from "PRISM_MayTemps" and "Rainfall_AEA".Resource Software Recommended: R version 4.1.3 or higher,url: https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/ Resource Title: Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021. File Name: Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021.csvResource Description: This dataset provides an assessment of soil strength (penetration resistance) and soil compaction (bulk density) to 60 cm depth, in continuous corn plots. Penetration resistance was measured in most-trafficked and least-trafficked areas of the plots to assess compaction from increased traffic associated with stover harvest. This spreadsheet also has associated data, including soil water, carbon, and organic matter content. Data were collected in April 2021 and are described in Phillips et al. (in review, 2022).Resource Title: Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021_ForR.csvResource Description: This dataset provides corn stover biomass and grain yields from 2008-2021. Note that this dataset is just for corn, which were presented in Phillips et al., 2022. Yields for all crop phases, including soybeans, wheat, alfalfa, and winter cover crops, are in the file "Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020".Resource Title: PRISM_MayTemps. File Name: PRISM_MayTemps.csvResource Description: Average May temperatures during the study period, obtained from interpolation of regional weather stations using the PRISM climate model (https://prism.oregonstate.edu/). These data were used to evaluate how spring temperatures may have impacted corn establishment.Resource Title: Rainfall_AEA. File Name: Rainfall_AEA.csvResource Description: Daily rainfall for the study location, 2008-2021. Data were obtained from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/rainfall/). Title: Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021.xlsxResource Description: This file contains descriptions of experimental treatments and diagrams of plot layouts as they were modified through several phases of the trial. Also includes an image of plot locations relative to NRCS soil survey map units.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017. File Name: Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017.xlsxResource Description: Soil carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, and pH to 120 cm depth in 2012, 2016, and 2017.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005. File Name: Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005.csvResource Description: Baseline soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH data from an earlier trial in 2005, prior to stover trial establishment.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020. File Name: Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020.xlsxResource Description: Yields for all crops in all cropping sequences, 2008-2020. Some of the crop sequences have not been summarized in publications.Resource Title: Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021. File Name: Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021.xlsxResource Description: Soil chemistry data, 0-15 cm, collect near-annually from 2007 to 2021. Most analyses were performed by Harris Laboratories (now AgSource) in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
Resource Title: Iowa Stover Harvest Trial Data Dictionary. File Name: Field 70-71 Data Dictionary.xlsxResource Description: Data dictionary for all data files.

本数据集涵盖了中部爱荷华州长达13年的玉米秸秆收获试验中的土壤健康、作物生物量和作物产量数据。自2005年发布了《生物燃料来源十亿吨研究报告》以来，美国农业研究服务局（ARS）的多个地点启动了与玉米秸秆收获相关的土壤健康评估，旨在为行业提供可持续秸秆收获的指导方针。该数据集来源于2007年至2021年期间，由国家农业与环境保护实验室在爱荷华州立大学农业工程与农学农场进行的试验。试验中评估的管理因素包括以下内容。

秸秆收获率在三个水平：无收获、中等（3.5 ± 1.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1）和高收获率（5.0 ± 1.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1）。
免耕与深松耕作的对比。最初，3种秸秆收获率在完全的析因设计中与耕作系统一起进行评估。然而，由于生产者兴趣不足，在2012年因连续种植玉米的免耕、无收获系统表现不佳而被终止。
种植顺序。除了对所有秸秆收获率及耕作系统评估连续种植玉米外，还评估了玉米-紫花苜蓿轮作以及玉米-大豆-小麦轮作与冬季覆盖作物。
在2013年，对连续种植玉米系统进行了一次性生物炭添加，添加量为9 Mg/ha或30 Mg/ha。
数据集包括：
1) 每年所有作物阶段的作物生物量和产量。
2) 2012年、2016年和2017年土壤有机碳、总碳、总氮和pH值至120厘米深度。2005年（研究前）的土壤柱样也采集至90厘米深度。
3) 2007年至2017年每1-2年从15厘米深度采集土壤化学样品。
4) 2021年4月对土壤强度和压实度进行了评估至60厘米深度。
这些数据已在多篇论文中发表，包括Phillips等人（待发表）、O'Brien等人（2020年）和Obrycki等人（2018年）。
数据集中包含的资源有：
- 资源标题：Phillips等人2022年的R脚本。文件名：Field 70-71 Analysis Script_AgDataCommons.R
- 资源描述：此R脚本包括Phillips等人“爱荷华州十三年秸秆收获和耕作对土壤压实度的影响”的分析和图表。它主要关注“Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021”中发现的土壤压实度和强度数据。
- 资源推荐软件：R版本4.1.3或更高版本。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021。文件名：Field 70-71 ConeIndex_BulkDensityDepths_2021.csv
- 资源描述：该数据集提供了对连续种植玉米田块60厘米深度的土壤强度（穿透阻力）和土壤压实度（体积密度）的评估。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021。文件名：Field 70-71 CornYield_2008-2021_ForR.csv
- 资源描述：该数据集提供了2008-2021年玉米秸秆生物量和谷物产量。
- 资源标题：PRISM_MayTemps。文件名：PRISM_MayTemps.csv
- 资源描述：研究期间的平均5月温度，通过PRISM气候模型（https://prism.oregonstate.edu/）对区域气象站的插值获得。
- 资源标题：Rainfall_AEA。文件名：Rainfall_AEA.csv
- 资源描述：研究地点的每日降雨量，2008-2021年。数据来自爱荷华州环境中继网（https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/rainfall/）。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021。文件名：Field 70-71 Plot Status 2007-2021.xlsx
- 资源描述：此文件包含实验处理描述和试验地布局图，这些布局图在试验的几个阶段进行了修改。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017。文件名：Field 70-71 Deep Soil Cores 2012-2017.xlsx
- 资源描述：2012年、2016年和2017年120厘米深度的土壤碳、氮、有机质和pH值。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005。文件名：Field 70-71 Baseline Deep Soil Cores 2005.csv
- 资源描述：从2005年早期试验中获取的基准土壤碳、氮和pH值数据，该试验在秸秆试验建立之前进行。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020。文件名：Field 70-71 Crop Yield File 2008-2020.xlsx
- 资源描述：所有作物和种植顺序的产量，2008-2020年。一些作物序列尚未在出版物中总结。
- 资源标题：Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021。文件名：Field 70-71 Surface Soil Test Data 2007-2021.xlsx
- 资源描述：土壤化学数据，0-15厘米，从2007年到2021年近年度采集。大多数分析由哈里斯实验室（现AgSource）在林肯，内布拉斯加州，美国进行。
- 资源标题：Iowa Stover Harvest Trial Data Dictionary。文件名：Field 70-71 Data Dictionary.xlsx
- 资源描述：所有数据文件的数据字典。