Campylobacter jejuni-derived cytolethal distending toxin promotes cancer metastasis

For internal validation cohort, CRC patients (T1-4N0M0, stage I-II) with (Metastasis group) or without (Non-metastasis group) pre-operative liver metastasis were recruited in our study. The exclusion criteria include the use of antibiotics within one month, intestinal obstruction, and concurrent other severe organic diseases. Finally, 54 patients were recruited in our internal validation cohort (Metastatic group, n=26; Non-metastasis group, n=28).