Spatiotemporal variation in selection on floral traits related to abortion rate, predispersal seed predation, and fitness variance

Spatiotemporal variation in phenotypic selection is important for understanding the potential consequences of selection. Variable selection on floral traits is common, yet connecting the variation to potential drivers of selection is less so. Here, we estimated selection on six floral traits of Penstemon digitalis for four populations, with two over four years. We also tested whether an extreme year (2012) with an early spring affected selection on floral traits. For traits that showed evidence of spatiotemporal variation (three), we asked whether variation was related to three aspects of their ecology: flower/fruit abortion, predispersal seed predation and/or opportunity for selection. Attached data includes phenotypic fitness measures used in the main analyses for the paper.