Accounting for differences between Infinium MethylationEPIC v2 and v1 in DNA methylation-based tools

The recently launched Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 (EPICv2), successor of MethylationEPIC v1.0 (EPICv1), retains a majority of probes in EPICv1, while expanding coverage of regulatory elements. The concordance between the two EPIC versions in DNA methylation-based tools has not yet been investigated. To address this, DNA methylation was profiled on both versions using matched blood samples across four cohorts spanning early to late adulthood. High concordance between versions at the array level but variable agreement at the individual probe level was noted. A significant contribution of EPIC version to DNA methylation variation was observed, though it was to a smaller extent compared to sample relatedness and cell type composition. Modest but significant differences in DNA methylation-based estimates between versions were observed, irrespective of the data preprocessing method used. Adjustments for EPIC version or calculation of estimates separately for each version largely mitigated these version-specific discordances. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for EPIC version differences in research scenarios, especially in meta-analyses and longitudinal studies that require data harmonization across versions. DNA was extracted from samples, bisulfite converted using EZ-96 DNA Methylation kits (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA), hybridized to the MethylationEPIC BeadChip Infinium microarray v1.0 B5 (EPICv1) and Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 (EPICv2) arrays, and scanned with the Illumina iScan 2000 to obtain IDAT files that capture raw DNA methylation intensities.