Mapping identity dynamics in heritage tourism: a bibliometric and theoretical review

Heritage tourism has a critical role in identity construction; however, the academic discourse remains disjointed. This study systematically maps the field through a robust mixed-methods approach, comprising a bibliometric analysis of 170 articles (1993–2025) from Scopus/Web of Science and an in-depth thematic review of 53 key studies. This integrated methodology synthesizes global literature, identifies key trends and informs the development of a universally adaptable framework. Bibliometric analysis reveals four distinct developmental phases, alongside geographical concentrations in specific regions. Thematic analysis identifies five core themes within the field. A novel Heritage Identity Dynamics Framework is proposed, elucidating identity construction through three interconnected dynamics: temporal identity negotiation, spatial identity anchoring and cultural identity hybridization. this framework advances theoretical understanding by integrating fragmented concepts across the literature and provides practical guidance for heritage management. It identifies 11 distinct types of heritage tourism, 12 key variables and three synergistic patterns of identity transformation. The framework also explores cultural moderation effects, demonstrating how collectivist and individualist contexts shape identity outcomes, thereby offering actionable insights for culturally adaptive experience design. By providing a predictive, dynamic model of heritage tourism, this study bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application.