A Crystalline 3D Supramolecular Polymer Constructed by Clamparene-Based Controllable Self-Assembly and Its Application in Photothermal Conversion

The development of well-defined three-dimensional supramolecular polymers presents significant challenges, particularly in achieving crystalline state structures. This study addresses this challenge by presenting the construction of a crystalline three-dimensional supramolecular polymer through the self-assembly of clamparene (CLP) and a naphthalene diimide derivative (NDIOH) in the solid state. The hierarchical self-assembly progresses from one-dimensional linear supramolecular polymers to two-dimensional supramolecular polymers and ultimately to a crystalline three-dimensional supramolecular polymer. Moreover, the prepared crystalline three-dimensional supramolecular polymer demonstrates effective photothermal conversion. This work advances the understanding and design of functional three-dimensional supramolecular polymers in the crystalline state.