Payments/charges for medical care by location, age range, and length of time since diagnosis (2009 Chinese yuan).

DM diabetes mellitus, N number of participants, NGT normal glucose tolerance, OPV outpatient visit.
ap≤0.05 for urban-rural difference.
bp≤0.05 for age.
cp≤0.05 for duration of diabetes.
dp≤0.10 for DM vs. NGT difference.
ep≤0.001 for DM vs. NGT difference.
fp-values not calculated for this category because results are derived in part or entirely from means instead of person-level data.

General notes
1) Data based on total payments made as recorded or recalled by the participant, for the most recent instance of each kind of service or purchase. These payments do not reflect any subsequent reimbursement or subsidy.
2) Difference was defined as the rate for participants with DM minus the rate for participants with NGT.
3) Ratio was defined as the rate for participants with DM divided by the rate for participants with NGT.
4) Western medicines were defined as all medicines except traditional Chinese medicines.
5) Total annual payments for inpatient and outpatient care include payments for medicines and tests that the patient made at the time of the admission or visit. Total annual payments per person for Western medicines and glucose testing strips also include these payments. The reduction for duplicated payments removes this double-counting in the calculation of total annual point of service payments/charges (see text for details).
6) Adjusted values for “All Participants” who were NGT were directly standardized to the age-sex distribution of those with DM, using the age categories displayed in the table.
7) p-values listed as ≤0.05 include values ≤0.01 and lower.
8) When mean payments for participants with NGT are not shown they can be calculated by dividing the payment for participants with DM by the DM:NGT ratio.