Differences in all-cause mortality, life expectancy, number of myocardial infarctions and lung cancer deaths in the exposed population—predicted by the ‘filtered tunneled ring road’ scenario (‘Ringland project’) as compared to the ‘open air ring road’.

(dose response functions based on the extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study by Laden et al. 2006 for the calculation of the changes in mortality [32]; Pope at al. 2009 for the calculation of life expectancy [36]; a meta-analysis by Nawrot et al. 2014 for the calculation of myocardial infarctions [41]; and a meta-analysis by Hamra et al. 2014 for the calculation of lung cancer deaths [40]).