Copper-Catalyzed Annulation: A Method for the Systematic Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Bromide

A novel procedure for the Cu-catalyzed systematic synthesis of phenanthridinium bromide is reported. This transformation was achieved with direct construction of central pyridinium core by using an in situ formed biaryl imine as a substrate. Tolerance of a very wide variety of N-substituents is indicated; this has never previously been disclosed by other reports. Application of this method to synthesis of the natural alkaloid bicolorine, and its derivatives, was also carried out in only three synthetic steps from commercially available compounds.