1-s2.0-S2468265923000513-mmc2

l We compiled pollination data for 112 flowering plants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to test the hypothesis that plants at higher elevations should have lower degrees of dependence on pollinators for seed production.l We found that pollinator dependence of flowering plants in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau region was particularly high compared to other regions around the world.l There was no evidence for a lower level of pollinator dependence at high elevations.l Pollen limitation, flower size, floral longevity, and reward type had no significant effect on pollinator dependence, but compatibility status and flowering time did.l Our study suggests a severe vulnerability of flowering plant seed production to pollinator declines under global change in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau region, particularly for early-flowering or self-incompatible plants growing in the higher elevations.