An Improved Oral Nutraceutical-Based Intervention for Management of Obesity: Pterostilbene Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles - Supplementary tables.docx

<strong>Aim:</strong> To formulate and assess the oral   anti-obesity effect of polymeric-based Pterostilbene(PS)-nanoparticles.
<strong>Methods:</strong> Pterostilbene-hydroxypropyl   beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-loaded in chitosan-nanoparticles (PS/HPβCD-NPs) were   prepared and characterized <em>in-vitro</em>. Cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics   and anti-obesity effects were assessed on Caco-2 cell line and high fat   diet-induced obesity. <em>In-vivo</em>   assessment included histological examination, protein and gene expression of   obesity biomarkers in adipose tissues.
<strong>Results:</strong> Safe PS/HPβCD-NPs were successfully prepared with improved   bioavailability compared to free PS. PS/HPβCD-NPs showed improved anti-obesity   effect supported by histological examination, lipid profile, <em>UCP1</em> gene   expression and protein expression of SIRT-1, COX-2, IL-6 and leptin. 
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orally administered PS   nanoparticles is a new and promising anti-obesity strategy owing to its   sustainable weight loss and minimal side effects which is of great   socio-economic impact.
<br>

Supplementary figure 1:  Transmission   electron microscope of a) Unloaded NP and b) Pt/HPβCD loaded NP at magnification 25,000x. The scale bar   represents 200 nm.
Supplementary   figure 2: a) Cellular uptake of free   C6, C6/HPßCD complex and C6/HPßCD-loaded NP (100 ng/mL C-6) in caco-2 cells using confocal laser microscopy and b)   Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity using Image J. Statistical   significance was shown at ***p≤0.001 and ****p≤0.0001 when compared to free   C-6<strong>.</strong>
Supplementary figure 3: a) Serum   lipid profile in rats of different experimental groups where b) VLDL-C , c)   LDL/HDL ratio and d) Total cholesterol were calculated and plotted against   time (4, 8 and 16 weeks). Each point represents the   mean ± SD of 8   samples. Statistical significance is shown where ****p≤0.0001,   ***p≤0.001, **p≤0.01 and *p≤0.05 when samples when compared to untreated HFD   groups.