Data and code to explore annual cycle schedule adjustments in a long distance migrant

Matching the timing of annual cycle events with the required resources can have crucial consequences for individual fitness. But as the annual cycle is comprised of sequential events, a delay at any point may be carried over to the subsequent stage (or more, in a domino effect) and negatively influence individual performance. To investigate how migratory animals navigate their annual schedule, and where and when it may be adjusted, we used full annual cycle data of 38 Icelandic whimbrels Numenius phaeopus islandicus tracked over 7 years – a subspecies that typically performs long-distance migrations to West Africa. We found that individuals apparently used the wintering sites to compensate for delays that mostly arose due to previous successful breeding, and a domino effect was observed from spring departure to laying date, with the potential to affect breeding output. However, the total time saved during all stationary periods is apparently enough to avoid interannual effects between breeding seasons. These findings highlight the importance of preserving good quality non-breeding sites in which individuals may adjust annual schedules and avoid potentially adverse effects of arriving late at the breeding grounds.将年度周期活动的时序与所需资源相匹配，对个体适合度具有至关重要的影响。但由于年度周期由一系列连续活动构成，任一环节出现的延迟都可能以多米诺效应波及后续乃至更多阶段，进而对个体表现产生负面影响。为探究迁徙动物如何规划其年度活动节律，以及可在何时、何处对节律进行调整，本研究使用了7年追踪获得的38只冰岛亚种中杓鹬（Numenius phaeopus islandicus）的完整年度周期数据——该亚种通常会长途迁徙至西非越冬。研究发现，个体似乎会利用越冬地来弥补主要因前期成功繁殖而产生的延迟；同时观测到从春季启程到产卵日期存在多米诺效应，该效应可能会影响繁殖产出。不过，所有停歇期内节省的总时长似乎足以避免繁殖季之间的跨年度影响。本研究结果凸显了保护优质非繁殖地的重要性：个体可在此调整年度活动节律，从而规避因迟抵繁殖地可能带来的不利影响。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含冰岛杓鹬（Numenius phaeopus islandicus）的年度周期迁徙数据及相关R代码，用于研究长距离迁徙鸟类如何调整时间表以应对繁殖延迟。数据涵盖38只个体7年的追踪记录，包括繁殖成功、迁徙日期、地理位置和体重等变量，分析显示个体在越冬地补偿延迟并存在从春季离开到产卵日的多米诺效应。数据集支持迁徙生态学建模，旨在理解年度周期调整对繁殖输出的影响。