Participation in Political Organisations in the United Kingdom and the Internet, 2001-2003

This project evaluated the use of the internet by political organisations (parties, interest groups, trade unions and new social movements) to promote participation in two dimensions:<br> <li>increasing vs. decreasing participation: examining whether the internet will increase rates of political participation and attract new citizens into the political process, or lead to greater marginalisation and exclusion of existing non-participants;</li> <br> <li>enhancing vs. reducing the quality of participation: analysing whether electronic participation increases political interest and efficacy, enhances elite accountability, or, due to the impersonal nature of online communication, it reduces the significance of participation. </li><br> <br> Overall the research contributed to debates about social inclusion and exclusion in political participation and the role and health of political organisations in the UK. In particular it assessed what types of political organisation are best suited to exploiting the new media.<br> <br> Objectives:<br> <li>to develop established theoretical models of political participation by incorporating the role of technology in mobilising citizens;</li><br> <li>to establish how far the internet is used by political organisations to promote political participation;</li><br> <li>to develop a new methodology to operationalise and measure the participatory aspects of political organisations' web sites;</li><br> <li>to create a series of new data sets;</li><br> <li>to provide guidelines for the most effective usages of new ICTs by political organisations to promote participation. </li><br> <br> Implications:<br> <li>theoretical: the research updates models of participation and democracy; and sheds more light on the social shaping vs. technological deterministic approaches;</li><br> <li>empirical: an over time assessment of the attitudinal and behavioural orientation of the UK public towards electronic participation; a benchmark for assessing further innovations;</li><br> <li>methodological: methodological innovations such as the development of a web site's coding scheme;</li><br> <li>practical: the research offers suggestions for web site designers and organisations' officials as to the most effective methods of promoting participation via new ICTs.</li><br> <br>