基于世界土壤数据库（HWSD v1.2）的泛第三极土壤数据集

无论从全球尺度亦或是局地尺度而言，土壤数据极其重要，而由于缺乏可靠的土壤数据，土地退化评估、环境影响研究和可持续的土地管理干预措施收到了极大的瓶颈阻碍。受到土壤信息数据在全世界的迫切需要，特别是在气候变化公约的背景下，国际应用系统分析研究所（IIASA）及联合国粮农组织（FAO）和京都协议对土壤碳测量和联合国粮农组织/国际全球农业生态评价研究(GAEZ v3.0)共同倡导下建立了新一代世界土壤数据库(Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.2 )(HWSD V1.2)。其中，中国地区数据源为1995年全国第二次土地调查由南京土壤所所提供的1:1,000,000土壤数据。分辨率为30秒（约0.083度，1km）。采用的土壤分类系统主要为FAO-90。

核心土壤制度单元唯一验证标识符：
MU_GLOBAL-HWSD数据库土壤制图单元标示符，连接了GIS图层。
MU_SOURCE1 和 MU_SOURCE2- 源数据库制图单元标识符
SEQ-土壤制图单元组成中的土壤单元序列；
土壤分类系统利用FAO-7分类系统或 FAO-90分类系统(SU_SYM74 resp. SU_SYM90)或FAO-85(SU_SYM85).
土壤属性表主要字段包括：
ID(数据库ID)
MU_GLOBAL(土壤单元标识符)（全球）
SU_SYMBOL 土壤制图单元
SU_SYM74(FAO74分类);
SU_SYM85(FAO85分类);
SU_SYM90（FAO90土壤分类系统中土壤名称)；
SU_CODE 土壤制图单元代码
SU_CODE74 土壤单元名称
SU_CODE85 土壤单元名称
SU_CODE90 土壤单元名称
DRAINAGE(19.5);
REF_DEPTH(土壤参考深度);
AWC_CLASS(19.5);
AWC_CLASS(土壤有效水含量);
PHASE1: Real (土壤相位);
PHASE2: String (土壤相位)；
ROOTS: String (到土壤底部存在障碍的深度分类)；
SWR: String (土壤含水量特征)；
ADD_PROP: Real (土壤单元中与农业用途有关的特定土壤类型)；
T_TEXTURE(顶层土壤质地);
T_GRAVEL: Real (顶层碎石体积百分比)；(单位：%vol.)
T_SAND: Real (顶层沙含量)； (单位：% wt.)
T_SILT: Real (表层粉沙粒含量)； (单位：% wt.)
T_CLAY: Real (顶层粘土含量)； (单位：% wt.)
T_USDA_TEX: Real (顶层USDA土壤质地分类)； (单位：name)
T_REF_BULK: Real (顶层土壤容重)； (单位：kg/dm3.)
T_OC: Real (顶层有机碳含量)； (单位：% weight)
T_PH_H2O: Real (顶层酸碱度) (单位：-log(H+))
T_CEC_CLAY: Real (顶层粘性层土壤的阳离子交换能力)； (单位：cmol/kg)
T_CEC_SOIL: Real (顶层土壤的阳离子交换能力) (单位：cmol/kg)
T_BS: Real (顶层基本饱和度)； (单位：%)
T_TEB: Real (顶层交换性盐基)；(单位：cmol/kg)
T_CACO3: Real (顶层碳酸盐或石灰含量) (单位：% weight)
T_CASO4: Real (顶层硫酸盐含量)；(单位：% weight)
T_ESP: Real (顶层可交换钠盐)；(单位：%)
T_ECE: Real (顶层电导率)。 (单位：dS/m)
S_GRAVEL: Real (底层碎石体积百分比)；(单位：%vol.)
S_SAND: Real (底层沙含量)； (单位：% wt.)
S_SILT: Real (底层淤泥含量)； (单位：% wt.)
S_CLAY: Real (底层粘土含量)； (单位：% wt.)
S_USDA_TEX: Real (底层USDA土壤质地分类)； (单位：name)
S_REF_BULK: Real (底层土壤容重)； (单位：kg/dm3.)
S_OC: Real (底层有机碳含量)； (单位：% weight)
S_PH_H2O: Real (底层酸碱度) (单位：-log(H+))
S_CEC_CLAY: Real (底层粘性层土壤的阳离子交换能力)； (单位：cmol/kg)
S_CEC_SOIL: Real (底层土壤的阳离子交换能力) (单位：cmol/kg)
S_BS: Real (底层基本饱和度)； (单位：%)
S_TEB: Real (底层交换性盐基)；(单位：cmol/kg)
S_CACO3: Real (底层碳酸盐或石灰含量) (单位：% weight)
S_CASO4: Real (底层硫酸盐含量)；(单位：% weight)
S_ESP: Real (底层可交换钠盐)；(单位：%)
S_ECE: Real (底层电导率)。 (单位：dS/m)
本数据库分两层，其中以顶层（T）土壤厚度为（0-30cm），底层（S）土壤厚度为（30-100cm）。
其他属性值请参考说明HWSD1.2_documentation文档.pdf，The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD V1.2) Viewer-中文说明及HWSD.mdb。

Soil data is extremely important at both global and local scales, yet the lack of reliable soil data has created severe bottlenecks for land degradation assessments, environmental impact studies, and sustainable land management interventions. Driven by the urgent global demand for soil information, especially in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Kyoto Protocol's advocacy for soil carbon measurements, together with the FAO/International Global Agro-ecological Assessment (GAEZ v3.0), jointly established the new-generation Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.2 (HWSD V1.2). For the Chinese region, the data source is the 1:1,000,000-scale soil data provided by the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science during the Second National Land Survey in 1995. The database has a resolution of 30 arc seconds (approximately 0.083 degrees, ~1 km). The main soil classification system adopted is FAO-90.

Unique verified identifiers for core soil mapping units:
MU_GLOBAL - Soil mapping unit identifier of the HWSD database, linked to the GIS layer.
MU_SOURCE1 and MU_SOURCE2 - Source database mapping unit identifiers
SEQ - Soil unit sequence within the soil mapping unit composition;

Soil classification systems use the FAO-7 classification system, FAO-90 classification system (SU_SYM74 and SU_SYM90 respectively), or FAO-85 (SU_SYM85).

The main fields of the soil attribute table include:
ID (Database ID)
MU_GLOBAL (Global soil unit identifier)
SU_SYMBOL: Soil mapping unit
SU_SYM74: FAO74 classification code
SU_SYM85: FAO85 classification code
SU_SYM90: Soil name in FAO90 soil classification system
SU_CODE: Soil mapping unit code
SU_CODE74: Soil unit name (FAO74)
SU_CODE85: Soil unit name (FAO85)
SU_CODE90: Soil unit name (FAO90)
DRAINAGE: Drainage class (19.5);
REF_DEPTH: Soil reference depth;
AWC_CLASS: Available water capacity of soil;
PHASE1: Real (Soil phase);
PHASE2: String (Soil phase);
ROOTS: String (Depth classification with barriers to the soil bottom);
SWR: String (Soil water content characteristics);
ADD_PROP: Real (Specific soil types related to agricultural use in the soil unit);
T_TEXTURE: Topsoil texture;
T_GRAVEL: Real (Volume percentage of gravel in topsoil); (Unit: %vol.)
T_SAND: Real (Sand content in topsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
T_SILT: Real (Silt content in topsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
T_CLAY: Real (Clay content in topsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
T_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA soil texture classification for topsoil); (Unit: name)
T_REF_BULK: Real (Bulk density of topsoil); (Unit: kg/dm³)
T_OC: Real (Organic carbon content in topsoil); (Unit: % weight)
T_PH_H2O: Real (pH value of topsoil); (Unit: -log(H+))
T_CEC_CLAY: Real (Cation exchange capacity of clay layer in topsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
T_CEC_SOIL: Real (Cation exchange capacity of topsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
T_BS: Real (Base saturation of topsoil); (Unit: %)
T_TEB: Real (Exchangeable bases in topsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
T_CACO3: Real (Carbonate or lime content in topsoil); (Unit: % weight)
T_CASO4: Real (Sulfate content in topsoil); (Unit: % weight)
T_ESP: Real (Exchangeable sodium percentage in topsoil); (Unit: %)
T_ECE: Real (Electrical conductivity of topsoil). (Unit: dS/m)
S_GRAVEL: Real (Volume percentage of gravel in subsoil); (Unit: %vol.)
S_SAND: Real (Sand content in subsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
S_SILT: Real (Silt content in subsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
S_CLAY: Real (Clay content in subsoil); (Unit: % wt.)
S_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA soil texture classification for subsoil); (Unit: name)
S_REF_BULK: Real (Bulk density of subsoil); (Unit: kg/dm³)
S_OC: Real (Organic carbon content in subsoil); (Unit: % weight)
S_PH_H2O: Real (pH value of subsoil); (Unit: -log(H+))
S_CEC_CLAY: Real (Cation exchange capacity of clay layer in subsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
S_CEC_SOIL: Real (Cation exchange capacity of subsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
S_BS: Real (Base saturation of subsoil); (Unit: %)
S_TEB: Real (Exchangeable bases in subsoil); (Unit: cmol/kg)
S_CACO3: Real (Carbonate or lime content in subsoil); (Unit: % weight)
S_CASO4: Real (Sulfate content in subsoil); (Unit: % weight)
S_ESP: Real (Exchangeable sodium percentage in subsoil); (Unit: %)
S_ECE: Real (Electrical conductivity of subsoil). (Unit: dS/m)

This database is divided into two layers: the topsoil layer (T) has a thickness of 0-30 cm, and the subsoil layer (S) has a thickness of 30-100 cm.

For other attribute values, please refer to the documentation HWSD1.2_documentation.pdf, the Chinese version of The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD V1.2) Viewer instructions, and HWSD.mdb.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是基于Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD v1.2)构建的泛第三极区域土壤数据，空间分辨率约为1公里，包含土壤制图单元标识符和多种土壤属性参数（如质地、有机碳、pH值等），分为顶层和底层两层。它主要用于支持土地退化评估、环境影响研究和可持续土地管理，数据开放获取，需遵循特定引用和许可协议。