TABLE 2 in A review of migratory Alosidae marine ecology in the northwest Atlantic

TABLE 2 Status and commercial fishery summary table for alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), and American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in Canada and the USA. Jurisdiction IUCN statusAlewife Least concernBlueback herring VulnerableAmerican Shad Least concernCanadaSARA statusNot listedNot listedNot listedCommercial fisheriesYes, the majority occur in fresh water with only a few small-scale marine fisheries Permitted gear: gillnet, dip-net, square net, trap net, and weirRecreational fisheriesYes, managed federallyRegulations regarding location, gear (permit dip-net, gillnet, square net, trap net, or weir), and seasonal closures Recreational harvests permittedBy-catch aN/AN/AN/AUnited StatesESA statusNot listedNot listedNot listedCommercial fisheriesNo, nearly all of the eastern states closed their commercial fisheries in 2012, and state-level moratoria are now in place Permitted gear for the few that remain: small-mesh bottom trawlers and larger-scale paired mid-water/ bottom trawlersRecreational fisheriesYes, managed by stateRegulations for location, and gear (permit dip-nets, hook-and-line) Majority do not permit recreational harvestsBy-catch b2.8 million lb2.8 million lb10,000 lb Abbreviations: ESA, Endangered Species Act; SARA, Species at Risk Act. a By-catch landings for the Atlantic mackerel and Atlantic herring commercial fisheries in Canada are not openly available. b All estimated by-catch landings were from the 2022 by-catch reports of Atlantic herring and Atlantic mackerel commercial fisheries and published in 2023 by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC).