Victims of Crime Survey 2013-2014 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Victims of Crime Survey (VCS) is a countrywide household-based survey which collects data on the prevalence of particular kinds of crime within South Africa. The survey includes information on victimisation experienced by individuals and households and their perspectives on community responses to crime. Therefore, VCS data can be used for research in the development of policies and strategies for crime prevention and public safety and education programmes. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) conducted its first VCS in 1998. Following the VCS 1998, victims surveys were conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Since 2011, StatsSA began conducting an annual collection of the VCS as a source of information on crime in South Africa. The main objectives of the survey are to:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.

• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation.

• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service.

The VCS 2013/14 is the third release in the collection and is comparable to the new Governance, Public Safety and Justice Survey (GPSJS). StatsSA launched the GPSJS in April 2018 in response to the need for standardised international reporting standards on governance and access to justice that are recommended by the SDGs, ShaSA and Agenda 2063. Therefore, the VCS 2013/14 (and all subsequent releases) can be used as a complementary dataset to the GPSJS releases.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population of the survey consists of all private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, as well as residents in workers' hostels. The survey does not cover other collective living quarters such as students' hostels, old-age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks. It is only representative of non-institutionalised and non-military persons or households in South Africa.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The VCS 2013/14 used a master sample (MS) originally designed for the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) as a sampling frame. The MS is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. The MS has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame that can be used by all household-based surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The VCS 2013/14 uses an MS of primary sampling units (PSUs) which comprise census enumeration areas (EAs) that are drawn from across the country.

The sample used a stratified two-stage design with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. The sample was designed to be representative at provincial level. A self-weighting design at provincial level was used and MS stratification was divided into two levels. Primary stratification was defined by metropolitan and non-metropolitan geographic area type. During secondary stratification, the Census 2001 data were summarised at PSU level. The following variables were used for secondary stratification: household size, education, occupancy status, gender, industry and income.

The sample size for the VCS 2013/14 had approximately 30 000 DUs from 3 080 PSUs. In each selected PSU, a systematic sample of dwelling units was drawn. The number of DUs selected per PSU varies from PSU to PSU and depends on the Inverse Sampling Ratios (ISR) of each PSU and the number of dwelling units in that PSU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The VOCS 2013/14 questionnaire was based on the questionnaires used in the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) and previous VOCSs conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Statistics SA.

Sections 10 to 20 of the questionnaire relate to household crimes. A proxy respondent (preferably head of the household or acting head of household) answered on behalf of the household. Section 21 to 28 of the questionnaire about crimes on individuals were asked of a household member who was selected using the birthday section method. This methodology selects an individual who is 16 years or older, whose birthday is soonest after the survey date.

Data appraisal
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Comparability:

Prior to 2014/15, VCS respondents were asked about their crime-related experiences in the previous calendar year, but the VCS changed to a Continuous Data Collection (CDC) method. In this data collection method, respondents were interviewed on a rolling basis over the course of a year and asked about crime experienced in the 12 months prior to the interview. As a result of this, the victimisation experiences reported by respondents interviewed in a period of 12 months relate to a broader span of 23 months.

The VCS 2013/14 is comparable to previous and subsequent VCSs in that several questions have remained unchanged over time. Where possible, it was generally indicated in the report.

摘要
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犯罪受害者调查（VCS）是一项全国性的基于家庭的调查，旨在收集南非特定类型犯罪的流行情况数据。调查涵盖了个人和家庭的受害情况及其对犯罪社区反应的看法。因此，VCS数据可用于犯罪预防和公共安全以及教育项目的政策与策略发展研究。南非统计局（StatsSA）于1998年首次开展了VCS调查。在VCS 1998之后，安全研究所（ISS）进行了受害者调查。自2011年起，StatsSA开始每年收集VCS数据，作为南非犯罪信息的一个信息来源。调查的主要目标包括：

• 从家庭和犯罪受害者视角提供有关犯罪动态的信息。
• 探讨公众对警察、检察官、法院和矫正服务在预防犯罪和受害者化方面的活动的看法。
• 在南非警察服务部每年发布的统计数据的基础上，提供关于南非犯罪水平的补充数据。

VCS 2013/14是该系列数据的第三次发布，与新的治理、公共安全和司法调查（GPSJS）具有可比性。StatsSA于2018年4月推出了GPSJS，以响应联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）、非洲联盟2063年议程等推荐的标准化的国际治理和正义获取报告标准的需求。因此，VCS 2013/14（及其所有后续发布）可以作为GPSJS发布的补充数据集。

地理覆盖范围
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调查覆盖全国。
分析单元
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家庭和个人
总体
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调查的目标总体包括南非所有九个省份的所有私人家庭，以及工人宿舍的居民。调查不包括其他集体居住地，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。它仅代表南非的非机构化和非军事个人或家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据
抽样程序
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VCS 2013/14使用了最初为季度劳动力调查（QLFS）设计的母本样本（MS）作为抽样框架。该MS基于Stats SA在2001年进行的人口普查期间收集的信息。该MS被开发为一个通用家庭调查框架，可用于所有基于家庭的调查，无论调查的样本量要求如何。VCS 2013/14使用了一组主要抽样单位（PSU），这些单位包括来自全国各地的普查区（EA）。

样本采用了分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用概率比例大小（PPS）抽样，第二阶段采用系统抽样进行住宅单位（DU）抽样。样本旨在在省级层面具有代表性。在省级层面使用了自我加权设计，MS分层分为两个层次。一级分层由城市和非城市地理区域类型定义。在二级分层中，2001年人口普查数据在PSU层面进行了汇总。以下变量用于二级分层：家庭规模、教育、占用状况、性别、行业和收入。

VCS 2013/14的样本量大约有来自3,080个PSU的30,000个住宅单位。在每个选定的PSU中，抽取了住宅单位的系统样本。每个PSU选定的住宅单位数量因PSU而异，并取决于每个PSU的倒数抽样比率（ISR）和该PSU中的住宅单位数量。
数据收集方式
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面对面（f2f）
研究工具
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VOCS 2013/14问卷基于国际犯罪受害者调查（ICVS）和由安全研究所（ISS）及南非统计局（Stats SA）进行的先前VOCS调查中使用的问卷。
问卷的第10至20节涉及家庭犯罪。由代理受访者（最好是户主或代行户主职责的人）代表家庭回答。关于个人的犯罪问题（第21至28节）由使用生日法选取的家庭成员回答。该方法选择的是16岁或以上、生日最接近调查日期的个人。
数据评估
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可比性：
在2014/15年之前，VCS受访者被询问他们在前一年中的犯罪相关经历，但VCS改为持续数据收集（CDC）方法。在此数据收集方法中，受访者在一年的滚动基础上接受采访，并询问他们在采访前12个月中经历的犯罪。因此，在12个月期间接受采访的受访者报告的受害经历与23个月的更广泛的时间范围相关。
VCS 2013/14与先前和后续的VCS具有可比性，因为随着时间的推移，一些问题保持不变。在可能的情况下，一般会在报告中指出。