Two new abietane diterpenoids from <i>Salvia cavaleriei</i> var. <i>simplicifolia</i>

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia E.Peter yielded two new abietane-type diterpenoids, salcasins C and D (1 and 2), along with six known diterpenoids (3–8). The chemical structures and absolute configurations of these isolates were unambiguously determined using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, coupled with DP4+ analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Additionally, the in vivo anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) activity of all isolates (1–8) was assessed using a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model. However, at a concentration of 100 μM, none of the tested compounds demonstrated anti-AD activity.